Flag Code of India – A Comprehensive Guide

The Flag Code of India is a set of laws, practices, and conventions governing the display and usage of the Indian National Flag, commonly known as the Tiranga. The code ensures that the flag is treated with dignity and respect, reinforcing its status as a symbol of national pride and unity.

This article provides a detailed insight into the Flag Code of India, covering its history, evolution, provisions, amendments, and its significance in upholding the integrity of the national flag.

1. History and Evolution of the Flag Code

Pre-Independence Era

Before India gained independence, various flags were used to represent different movements and regions. The first unofficial Indian national flag was hoisted in 1906 in Calcutta (now Kolkata). The design evolved over time, and the final version of the Indian National Flag was adopted on July 22, 1947, just before India gained independence on August 15, 1947.

Post-Independence Regulations

After independence, the use and display of the Indian flag were governed by the Emblems and Names (Prevention of Improper Use) Act, 1950, and the Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act, 1971. However, there was no single unified code governing flag usage.

To streamline the rules, the Flag Code of India, 2002, was introduced on January 26, 2002. It merged all previous laws, customs, and conventions related to the national flag into a single document.

2. Structure of the Flag Code of India, 2002

The Flag Code of India, 2002, is divided into three parts:

Part I – General Description of the National Flag
Part II – Rules for Display by Public, Private Organizations, and Individuals
Part III – Display by Government and Official Bodies

Let’s explore these sections in detail.

3. Part I – General Description of the National Flag

Design and Specifications

The Indian National Flag is rectangular in shape with a 2:3 ratio (length to width).
It consists of three horizontal stripes of different colors:
- Saffron at the top (symbolizing courage and sacrifice).
- White in the middle (representing truth, peace, and purity).
- Green at the bottom (denoting faith, fertility, and prosperity).
In the center of the white stripe is the Ashoka Chakra, a navy blue wheel with 24 spokes, representing continuous progress and justice.

Material Requirements

Traditionally, the flag was made of Khadi (hand-spun cotton or silk), as promoted by Mahatma Gandhi.
The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) specifies the manufacturing process to ensure consistency.
However, after amendments in 2022, flags made from polyester, cotton, wool, and silk are also permitted.

4. Part II – Display Rules for Citizens and Organizations

This section provides guidelines on the display of the national flag by private citizens, educational institutions, and organizations.

Rules for Hoisting and Display

The flag must always be hoisted high and well-illuminated at night if displayed 24/7.
It should never touch the ground or be used for commercial or decorative purposes.
The flag should be displayed on important national days like Republic Day (January 26) and Independence Day (August 15) with full dignity.

Usage in Homes and Offices

Before 2002, private citizens were not allowed to hoist the flag at home, except on national holidays.
However, after a Supreme Court ruling in 2002 (following a petition by industrialist Naveen Jindal), citizens were granted the right to display the flag with due respect at any time.
In 2022, the Flag Code was further amended to allow 24×7 hoisting of the national flag in homes.

Restrictions on Use

The flag cannot be used as clothing, drapery, or uniform.
It should not be printed on any undergarments, cushions, or handkerchiefs.
It cannot be used in advertisements for commercial gain.

Proper Disposal

A damaged or soiled flag must be disposed of in private by burning or burying it with due respect.
It should not be thrown into the trash or used disrespectfully.

5. Part III – Display by Government and Official Bodies

This section governs the display of the flag by government institutions, defense forces, and diplomatic missions.

Rules for Government Offices and Institutions

The flag should be hoisted on all working days in government offices.
It must be lowered ceremoniously before sunset.
On Republic Day (January 26) and Independence Day (August 15), the flag must be hoisted as per protocol.

Usage by the Indian Armed Forces

The Indian Army, Navy, and Air Force follow strict guidelines regarding the size and positioning of the flag.
The flag is prominently displayed on military uniforms, naval vessels, and war memorials.

International Display at Embassies and Consulates

Indian embassies and consulates worldwide hoist the flag as per Indian law and the host country’s regulations.
During visits by the President, Prime Minister, or other dignitaries, the Indian flag is displayed alongside the host country’s flag.

6. Amendments to the Flag Code

The Flag Code of India has undergone important changes to adapt to modern times.

2002 Amendment

Allowed private citizens to hoist the flag daily.

2021 Amendment

Allowed the flag to be made from polyester and machine-made fabric (earlier, only hand-spun Khadi was permitted).

2022 Amendment

Permitted 24×7 hoisting of the flag at private homes.
Allowed the flag to be displayed in all-weather conditions.

These amendments have made it easier for citizens to proudly display the Tiranga without legal barriers.

7. Penalties for Violating the Flag Code

Disrespecting the national flag is considered a serious offense in India. The Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act, 1971, prescribes the following penalties:

Imprisonment up to 3 years,
Fine, or
Both imprisonment and fine.

Acts considered offensive include:

Deliberate burning, mutilation, or defacement of the flag.
Using the flag for advertisements or commercial branding.
Allowing the flag to fall to the ground or be stepped upon.

Strict enforcement of these rules ensures that the national flag remains a symbol of respect and honor.

8. Significance of the Flag Code of India

The Flag Code of India is not just a set of legal guidelines; it represents the values and ideals of the nation.

Symbol of Patriotism – The flag unites 1.4 billion Indians, transcending regional, linguistic, and religious differences.
Respect for National Heritage – The code preserves the dignity of the flag and its historical significance.
Global Recognition – A well-defined code ensures that the flag is displayed correctly at international events.

By following the Flag Code, citizens uphold the honor of the nation and express their national pride with dignity.

Conclusion

The Flag Code of India ensures that the Tiranga is treated with the highest respect. It provides clear guidelines for its display, handling, and disposal, ensuring that the flag remains a symbol of India’s sovereignty and unity.

With evolving amendments, citizens now have greater freedom to hoist the flag proudly while maintaining proper decorum. By understanding and following the Flag Code of India, we contribute to preserving the sanctity of our national symbol.